How much work is done when a body of mass m is raised to a height h above the ground?

State the SI unit of work.

Is work a scalar or a vector quantity?

Define 1 joule of work.

What is the condition for a force to do work on a body?

Is energy a vector quantity?

What are the units of (a) work, and (b) energy?

What is the work done against gravity when a body is moved horizontally along a frictionless surface?

By how much will the kinetic energy of a body increase if its speed is doubled?

Write an expression for the kinetic energy of a body of mass m moving with the velocity v.

If the speed of a body is halved, what will be the change in its kinetic energy?

On what factors does the kinetic energy of a body depend?

Which would have a greater effect on the kinetic energy of an object: doubling the mass or doubling the velocity?

How fast should a man of 50 kg run so that his kinetic energy will be 625 J?

State whether the following objects possess kinetic energy, potential energy, or both:

(a) A man climbing a hill

(b) A flying airplane

(c) A bird running on the ground

(d) A ceiling fan in the off position

(e) A stretched spring lying on the ground.

Two bodies A and B of equal masses are kept at heights of h and 2h respectively. What will be the ratio of their potential energies?

What is the kinetic energy of a body of mass 1 kg moving with a speed of 2 m/s?

Is potential energy a vector or a scalar quantity?

A load of 100 kg is pulled up by 5 m. Calculate the work done (g = 9.8 m/s²)

State whether the following statement is true or false:

The potential energy of a body of mass 1 kg kept at a height of 1m is 1J.

What happens to the potential energy of a body when its height is doubled?

What kind of energy is possessed by the following?

(a) A stone kept on roof-top.

(b) A running car.

(c) Water stored in the reservoir of a dam.

(d) A compressed spring

(e) A stretched rubber band.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

(a) Work is measured as a product of ……… and ……………..

(b) The work done on a body moving in a circular path is ………………

(c) 1 joule is the work done when a force of one ……………..moves an object through a distance of one …………… in the direction of ……………….

(d) The ability of a body to do work is called ………. . The ability of a body to do work because of its motion is called ………..

(e) The sum of the potential and kinetic energies of a body is called ………… energy.

What are the quantities on which the amount of work done depends? How are they related to work?

Is it possible that a force is acting on a body but still work done is zero? Explain giving one example.

A boy thrown a rubber ball vertically upwards. What type of work positive or negative, is done :

(a) By the force applied by the boy?

(b) By the gravitational force of earth?

Write the formula for work done on a body when the body moves at an angle to the direction of force. Give the meaning of each symbol used.

How does the kinetic energy of a moving body depend on its (i) speed and, (ii) mass?

Give one example each in which a force does:

(a) Positive work

(b) Negative work, and

(c) Zero work.

A ball of mass 200 g falls from a height of 5 metres. What is its kinetic energy when it just reaches the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

Find the momentum of a body of mass 100 g having a kinetic energy of 20 J.

Two objects having equal masses are moving with uniform velocities of 2 m/s and 6 m/s respectively. Calculate the ratio of their kinetic energies.

A body of 2 kg falls from rest. What will be its kinetic energy during the fall at the end of 2 s? (Assume g = 10 m/s²)

On a level road, a scooterist applies brakes to slow down from a speed of 10 m/s to 5 m/s. If the mass of the scooterist and the scooter be 150 kg, calculate the work done by the brakes. (Neglect air resistance and friction)

A man drops a 10 kg rock from the top of a 5 m ladder. What is its speed jest before it hits the ground? What is its kinetic energy when it reaches the ground? (g = 10 m/s²)

Calculate the work done by the brakes of a car of mass 1000 kg when its speed is reduced from 20 m /s to 10 m /s?

A body of mass 100 kg is lifted up by 10 m, Find:

(i) The amount of work done.

(ii) Potential energy of the body at their height (value of g = 10 m/s²)

A boy weighing 50 kg climbs up a vertical height of 100 m. Calculate the amount of work done by him. How much potential energy does he gain? (g = 9.8 m/s)

When is the work done by a force on a body?

(a) Positive

(b) Negative, and

(c) Zero?

To what height should a box of mass 150 kg be lifted, so that its potential energy may become 7350 joules? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A body of mass 2 kg is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. What will be its potential energy at the end of 2 s? (Assume g = 10 m/s²).

How much work is done when a force of 1 N moves a body through a distance of 1 m in its own direction?

A car is being driven by a force of 2.5 × 1010 N. Travelling at a constant speed of 5 m/s, it takes 2 minutes to reach a certain place. Calculate the work done.

Explain by an example that a body may possess energy even when it is not in motion.

On what factors does the gravitational potential energy of a body depend?

Give one example each of the body possessing: (i) kinetic energy, and (ii) potential energy.

Give two examples where a body possesses both, kinetic energy as well as potential energy.

How much is the mass of a man if he has to do 2500 joules of work is climbing a tree 5 m tall? (g = 10 m s²)

If the work done by a force in moving an object through a distance of 20 cm is 24.2 J, what is the magnitude of the force?

A boy weighing 40 kg makes a high jump of 1.5 m.

(i) What is his kinetic energy at the highest point?

(ii) What is his potential energy at the highest point? (g = 10 m/s²).

What type of energy is possessed?

(a) By the stretched rubber strings of a catapult?

(b) By the piece of stone which is thrown away on releasing the stretched rubber strings of catapult?

A weightlifter is lifting weights of mass 200 kg up to a height of 2 metres. If g = 9.8 m/s², calculate:

(a) Potential energy acquired by the weights.

(b) Work done by the weightlifter.

Define the term ‘work’. Write the formula for the work done on a body when a force acts on the body in the direction of its displacement. Give the meaning of each symbol which occurs in the formula.

A person of mass 50 kg climbs a tower of height 72 metres. Calculate the work done. (g = 9.8 m/s²)

When do we say that work is done? Write the formula for the work done by a body in moving up against gravity. Give the meaning of each symbol which occurs in it.

How much work is done when a force of 2 N moves a body through a distance of 10 cm in the direction of force?

What happens to the work done when the displacement of a body is at right angles to the direction of force acting of it? Explain your answer.

A force of 50 N acts on a body and moves it a distance of 4 m on a horizontal surface. Calculate the work done if the direction of force is at an angle 60^o to the horizontal surface.

Define the term ‘energy’ of a body. What is the SI unit of energy?

What are the various forms of energy?

Two bodies having equal masses are moving with uniform speeds of v and 2v respectively. Find the ratio of their kinetic energies.

What do you understand by the kinetic energy of a body?

A body is thrown vertically upwards. Its velocity goes on decreasing. What happens to its kinetic energy as its velocity becomes zero?

A horse and a dog are running with the same speed. If the weight of the horse is ten times that of the dog, what is the ratio of their kinetic energies?

Explain by an example what is meant by potential energy. Write down the expression for gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m placed at a height h above the surface of the earth.

What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

A ball of mass 0.5 kg slows down from a speed of 5 m/s to that of 3 m/s. Calculate the change in kinetic energy of the ball. State your answer giving proper units.

What is the difference between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy? Give one example of a body having gravitational potential energy and another having elastic potential energy.

If 784 J of work was done in lifting a 20 kg mass, calculate the height through which it was lifted. (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and acquires a velocity 4 times of its initial velocity. During this process, the potential energy of the car:

A. Does not change

B. Becomes twice that of initial potential energy

C. Becomes 4 times that of initial potential energy

D. Becomes 16 times that of initial potential energy.

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and attains a speed of 4 times its initial speed. In this process, the kinetic energy of the car:

A. Does not change

B. Becomes 4 times that of initial kinetic energy

C. Becomes 8 times that of initial kinetic energy

D. Becomes 16 times that of initial kinetic energy

In case of negative work, the angle between the force and displacement is:

A. 0^o B. 45^o

C. 90^o D. 180^o

An iron sphere of mass 10 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere of mass 3.5 kg. Both the spheres are dropped simultaneously from a tower. When they are 10 m above the ground, they have the same:

A. Acceleration

B. Momentum

C. Potential energy

D. Kinetic energy

A girl is carrying a school bag of 3 kg mass on her back and moves 200 m on a leveled road. If the value of g be 10 m/s², the work done by the girl against the gravitational force will be:

A. 6000 J B. 0.6 J

C. 0 J D. 6 J

The work done on an object does not depend on the:

A. Displacement

B. Angle between force and displacement

C. Force applied

D. Initial velocity of the object

Water stored in a dam possesses:

A. No energy

B. Electrical energy

C. Kinetic energy

D. Potential energy

The momentum of a bullet of mass 20 g fired from a gun is 10 kg m/s. The kinetic energy of this bullet in kJ will be:

A. 5 B. 1.5

C. 2.5 D. 25

Each of the following statement describes a force - acting. Which force is causing work to be done?

A. The weight of a book at rest on a table

B. The pull of a moving railway engine on its coaches

C. The tension in an elastic band wrapped around a parcel

D. The push of a person’s feet when standing on the floor

A girl weighing 400 N climbs a vertical ladder. If the value of g be 10 m s^-2, the work done by her after climbing 2 m will be:

A. 200 J B. 800 J

C. 8000 J D. 2000 J

Which of the following does not possess the ability to do work not because of motion?

A. A sparrow flying in the sky

B. A sparrow moving slowly on the ground

C. A sparrow in the nest on a tree

D. A squirrel going up a tree

A stone is thrown upwards as shown in the diagram. When it reaches P, which of the following has the greatest value for the stone?

A. Its acceleration

B. Its kinetic energy

C. Its potential energy

D. Its weight

A boy tries to push a truck parked on the roadside. The truck does not move at all. Another boy pushes a bicycle. The bicycle moves through a certain distance. In which case was the work done more: on the truck or on the bicycle? Give a reason to support your answer.

The work done by a force acting obliquely is given by the formula: W = F Cos θ × s. What will happen to the work done if angle between the direction of force and motion of the body is increased gradually? Will it increase, decrease or remain constant?

What should be the angle between the direction of force and the direction of motion of a body so that the work done is zero?

In which of the following case the work done by a force will be maximum: when the angle between the direction of force and direction of motion is 0^o or 90^o?

How much work is done by the gravitational force of earth acting on a satellite moving around it in a circular path? Give reason for your answer.

A man is instructed to carry a package from the base camp at B to submit A of a hill at a height of 1200 metres. The man weighs 800 N and the package weighs 200 N. If g = 10 m/s²,

(i) How much work does man do against gravity?

(ii) What is the potential energy of the package at A if it is assumed to be zero at B?

When a ball is thrown vertically upwards, its velocity goes on decreasing. What happens to its potential energy as its velocity becomes zero?

A man X goes to the top of a building by a vertical spiral staircase. Another man Y of the same mass goes to the top of the same building by a slanting ladder. Which of the two does more work against gravity and why?

When a ball is thrown inside a mocking bus, does its kinetic energy depend on the speed of the bus? Explain.

A bullet of mass 15 g has a speed of 400 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? If the bullet strikes a thick target and is brought to rest in 2 cm, calculate the average net force acting on the bullet. What happens to the kinetic energy originally in the bullet?

Name the commercial unit of measurement of energy.

Define kilowatt-hour.

Name two units of power bigger than watt.

Define the term ‘watt’.

How many watts equal one horse power?

Name the physical quantity whose unit is watt.

What is the power of a body which is doing work at the rate of one joule per second?

A body does 1200 joules of work in 2 minutes. Calculate its power.

How many joules are there in one kilowatt-hour?

Name the quantity whose unit is:

(a) Kilowatt

(b) Kilowatt – hour

What is the common name of ‘1 kWh of electrical energy’?

A cell converts one form of energy into another form. Name the two forms.

Name the device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Name the devices or machines which convert:

(a) Mechanical energy into electrical energy.

(b) Chemical energy into electrical energy.

(c) Electrical energy into heat energy.

(d) Electrical energy into light energy.

Name the devices or machines which convert:

(i) Electrical energy into sound energy.

(ii) Hear energy into kinetic energy (or mechanical energy).

(iii) Chemical energy into kinetic energy (or mechanical energy).

(iv) Chemical energy into heat energy.

(v) Light energy into heat energy.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

(a) Power is the rate of doing ……….

(b) 1 watt is a rate of working of one ……… per ……..

(c) The electricity meter installed in our home measures electric energy in the units of ……..

(d) The principle of ………. Of energy says that energy can be ……. From one form to another, but it cannot be ……… or ….

(e) When a ball is thrown upwards, ……..energy is transformed into ……… energy.

A trolley is pushed along a road with a force of 400 N through a distance of 60 m in 1 minute. Calculate the power developed.

What kind of energy transformations takes place at a hydroelectric power station?

What kind of energy transformations takes place at a coal-based thermal power station?

A man weighing 500 N carried a load of 100 N up a fighter of stairs 4 m high in 5 seconds. What is the power?

The power output of an engine is 3 kW. How much work does the engine do in 20 s?

An electric heater uses 600 kJ of electrical energy in 5 minutes. Calculate its power rating.

How much electrical energy in joules does a 100 watt lamp consumes:

(a) In 1 second?

(b) In 1 minute?

Five electric fans of 120 watts each are used for 4 hours. Calculate the electrical energy consumed in kilowatt hours.

Describe the energy changes which take place in a radio.

Write the energy transformations which take place in an electric bulb (or electric lamp).

Name five appliances or machines which use an electric motor.

A bulb lights up when connected to a battery. State the energy change which takes place:

(i) In the battery.

(ii) In the bulb.

The hanging bob of a simple pendulum is displaced to one extreme position B and then released. It swings towards centre position A and then to the other position C. In which position does the bob have: (i) Maximum potential energy?

(ii) Maximum kinetic energy?

Give reasons for your answer.

A car weight 20000 N climbs up a hill at a steady speed of 8 m/s, gaining a height of 120 m in 100 s. Calculate:

(a) Work done by the car.

(b) Power of engine of car.

What do you understand by the term “transformation of energy”? Explain with an example.

Explain the transformation of energy in the following cases:

(i) A ball thrown upwards.

(ii) A stone dropped from the roof of a building.

State and explain the law of conservation of energy with an example.

Explain how, the total energy a swinging pendulum at any instant of time remains conserved. Illustrate your answer with the help of a labeled diagram.

What is the meaning of the symbol kWh? What quantity does it represent?

How much electric energy in kWh is consumed by an electrical appliance of 1000 watts when it is switched on for 60 minutes?

Derive the relation between commercial unit of energy (kWh) and SI unit of energy (joule).

A certain household consumes 650 units of electricity in a month. How much is this electricity in joules?

Define power. Give the SI unit of power.

A boy weighing 40 kg carriers a box weighing 20 kg to the top of a building 15 m high in 25 seconds. Calculate the power. (g = 10 m/s²)

When an object falls freely towards the earth, then its total energy:

A. Increases B. Decreases

C. Remains constant

D. First increases and then decreases

Which one of the following is not the unit of energy?

A. Joule B. Newton-metre

C. Kilowatt D. Kilowatt-hour

Which of the following energy change involves frictional force?

A. Chemical energy to heat energy

B. Kinetic energy to heat energy

C. Potential energy to sound energy

D. Chemical energy to kinetic energy

Which one of the following statements about power stations is not true?

A. Hydroelectric power stations use water to drive turbines

B. In a power station, turbines drive generators

C. Electricity from thermal power stations differs from that produced in hydroelectric power stations

D. In hydroelectric power stations and thermal power stations, alternators produce electricity.

An electric motor raises a load of 0.2 kg, at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 2 s. If the acceleration power stations and thermal power stations, alternators produce electricity

A. 0.3 B. 1.2

C. 3.0 D. 6.0

An object is falling freely from a height x. After it has fallen a height, it will possess :

A. Only potential energy

B. Only kinetic energy

C. Half potential and half kinetic energy

D. Less potential and more kinetic energy

The commercial unit of energy is:

A. Watt B. Watt-hour

C. Kilowatt-hour D. Kilowatt

How much energy does a 100 W electric bulb transfer in 1 minute?

A. 100 J B. 600 J

C. 3600 J D. 6000 J

The device which converts mechanical energy into energy which runs our microwave oven is:

A. Electric motor

B. Alternator

C. Turbine

D. Electric heater

A microphone converts:

A. Electrical energy into sound energy in ordinary telephone

B. Microwave energy into sound energy in a mobile phone

C. Sound energy into mechanical energy in a stereo system

D. Sound energy into electrical energy in public address system

The following data was obtained for a body of mass 1 kg dropped from a height of 5 metres:

Distance above ground Velocity

5 m/s 0 m/s

3.2 m 6 m/s

0 m 10 m/s

Show by calculations that the above data verifies the law of conservation of energy (Neglect air resistance). (g = 10 m/s²)

A ball falls to the ground as show2n below:

A potential energy = 80 J

Kinetic energy = 0

B Kinetic energy = 48 J

C = potential energy = 0

(a) What is the kinetic energy of ball when it hits the ground?

(b) What is the potential energy of ball at B?

(c) Which law you have made use of in answering this question?

In an experiment to measure his power, a student records the time taken by him in running in a flight of steps on a staircase. Use the following data to calculate the power of the student:

Number of steps = 28

Height of each step = 20 cm

Time taken = 5.4 s

Mass of student = 55 kg

Acceleration = 9.8 m s^-2

Due to gravity

In loading a truck, a man lifts boxes of 100 N each through a height of 1.5 m.

(a) How much work does he do in lifting one box?

(b) How much energy is transferred when one box is lifted?

(c) If the man lifts 4 boxes per minute, at what is he working? (g = 10 m s^-2)

Name the energy transfers which occur when:

(a) An electric bell rings

(b) Someone speaks into a microphone

(c) There is a picture on a television screen

(d) A torch is on