State the unit of hereditary material found in all living organisms.

What is meant by variations found in a population?

Name the plant Mendel selected for his experiments on genetics.

What is meant by pair of contrasting characters?

Where are genes located in an organism?

How is variation brought in the progeny in the sexually reproducing organisms?

What is the parameter which decides inheritance?

Name two human traits which show variation?

Who is considered as the father of genetics?

What is a monohybrid cross?

Parent pea plants were crossed for contrasting traits, i.e. round and wrinkled seeds. The progeny obtained in F 1 -generation is Rr, RR, Rr and rr. Which of these are dominant and recessive traits?

How are traits expressed?

Why do mice whose tails were surgically removed just after birth for generations, continue to produce mice with tails?

Write the sex of the baby that inherits Y-chromosome from the father.

Give the difference between acquired and inherited traits with an example. How will you explain organic evolution?

Evolution indicates the forever evolving life on the Earth. Give a statement supporting the above claim.

How variation in a population leads to a survival advantage?

Explain the term genetic drift.

Out of the following the traits like eye colour, height and physical strength which are genetically acquired.

If your mother has pierced ears, will you inherit the trait? If not, why?

What are the two causes of speciation between two population?

Define evolution.

State the basis of classification of the organisms.

Describe the phenomenon of homology.

Describe the phenomenon of homology.

Give examples of analogous organs.

How are evolutionary relations between organisms traced?

In terms of evolution, what is the significance of homology between a human hand and a wing of a bird?

‘Older fossils are found closer to the surface of deep in the Earth strata?

Evolution of cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, red cabbage has occurred from wild cabbage. Is this an example of natural selection or artificial selection?

What is molecular phylogeny?

To where can the earliest members of the human species be traced to?

Which tools can be used for tracing the evolutionary relationships of human evolution?

Write the scientific name imparted to the human species.

Variations are the basis of heredity. Explain.

Write the scientific term for ‘Science of heredity and variation.’

Name two human traits which show variation.

Give the scientific name of the plant used by Mendel in his genetical experiments.

When is a recessive trait able to show up?

What is the human being with XY pair of chromosomes called?

Which among the males and females are homogametic?

Define the term ‘Natural Selection’ given by Charles Darwin.

According to the evolutionary theory, what leads to the formation of a new species?

Choose the one term from the following which differs from the other three.

Broccoli, wild cabbage, Cauliflower, and Kale.

Which organs in two animals indicate that they are derived from a common ancestor?

In which animals, the feathers do not fulfill the purpose of flying?

Give a paleontological evidence of evolution.

(i) Name the carrier of heredity.

(ii) Mention the practical utility of genetics.

Genes and chromosomes have similar behaviour. Justify.

Among all the chromosomes, what is different about a sex chromosome?

Write down the four ways in which an individual with a particular trait may increase in a population?

Define variation in relation to a species.

How does environment determine the sex of a newborn in some organisms?

Give the role of genes in evolution.

Give reasons, why the hybrids are generally found to be superior to their parents.

(i) A gene can express more than one trait. What gives rise to different expressions?

(ii) When a true breeding pea plant which has yellow seeds is pollinated by a plant that has green seeds, all the F 1 plants have yellow seeds. What might have been the allele for yellow seeds (tell whether it was dominant or recessive / heterozygous or homozygous )?

What do you understand about the independent inheritance of traits?

An animal (guinea pig) having black colour is crossed with guinea pig having the same colour. They produced 100 offsprings, of which 75 were black and 25 were white.

Find out

(i) What is the possible genotype?

(ii) Which trait is dominant and which is recessive?

A cross was made between pure-breeding pea plants one with round and green seeds and the other with wrinkled and yellow seeds.

(i) Write the phenotype of F 1 progeny. Give a reason for your answer.

(ii) Write the different types of F 2 progeny obtained along with their ratio when F 1 progeny was selfed.

A man having blood group ‘o’ (I o I o ) marries a woman with blood group ‘B’ (I B I o ). what will be the blood group of their children?

How are contributions of Darwin different from that of Mendel?

Explain the development/origin of the theory of the chemical origin of life.

(i) How do we get an idea about the extinct or previously existing organisms?

(ii) What are connecting links? Give one example.

How do homologous organs help in determining the evolutionary trend?

(i) Give an example which shown that organs of features may be adapted to new functions during the course of evolution.

(ii) What is the essence of the idea of evolution?

How do variations occur in offspring? Explain.

How do genes control the traits? Explain in detail.

Explain how the variations get accumulated.

Give an account of the experiment performed Miller and Urey in 1953.

Is it true that evolutionary relationship is linked to classification? Explain with an example.

Give a brief idea of the formation of the fossil.

How does comparing DNA of different specials help in tracing evolutionary relationship?

‘There is no real progress occurring in the concept of evolution. ‘ Explain.

During a science lecture on evolution and inheritance, Amit got confused and went to clear his doubts. He asked, if characters can be passed to the future generation, then why does not he have the tattoo that his mother has on her arm. The teacher smiled and told him about inherited and acquired characters.

(i) What are inherited and acquired characters?

(ii) The tattoo on the arm of Amit’s mother was not present on Amit’s arm. Give a scientific reason.

(iii) What values are shown by Amit?

After attending a class lecture on evolution, Katy came home and gathered photographs of all her possible relatives and grandparents. Afterward she made a family tree using those photographs in which she was surprised to see her resemblance to most of her relatives and grandparents.

(i) Why was there resemblance seen by Katy to most of her relatives?

(ii) What are the laws of inheritance? Name them.

(iii) What values are shown by Katy?

According to the evolutionary theory, the formation of a new species is generally due to

What determines the sex of a child?

When a breed of cattle with red coats is crossed with the same breed with coats, the offspring all have coats with a mixture of red and white hairs, a condition called roan. If roan cows were crossed with a red- coated bull, the theoretical ratio of the offspring would be

Which statement is true for a dominant allele?

Which statement about the genotypes of organisms is correct?

A farmer saves the seeds from his best maize crop plants to sow for next year’s crop.

This is an example of

What is a result of natural selection?

Which statement describes an example of artificial selection?

A recessive homozygote is crossed with a heterozygote of the same gene. What will be the phenotype of the F 1 -generation?

The genotype of the height of an organism is written as Tt. What conclusion may be drawn?