The temperatures of the junctions of a bismuth-silver thermocouple are maintained at 0°C and 0.001°C. Find the thermo-emf (Seebeck emf) developed. For bismuch-silver, a = –46 × 10–6 V°C–1 and b = –0.48 × 10–6 V°C–2.


Given
Difference in temperature of junctions, θ = 0.001°C,
a = − 46 × 10−6 V °C−1
b = − 0.48 × 10−5 V °C−2.


We, know emf E is given by-




Putting the value in the above equation, we get








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