Dictionary Work
By the end of the journey, we had run out of drinking water.
Look at the verb run out of in this sentence. It is a phrasal verb: it has two parts, a verb and a preposition or an adverb. Phrasal verbs often have meanings that are different from the meanings of their parts.
Find these phrasal verbs in the story.
burn out | light up | look on | run out | keep out |
Write down the sentences in which they occur.
Consult a dictionary and write down the meaning that you think matches the meaning of the phrasal verb in the sentence.
Noun Phrase
Read the following sentence.
I took out a small black tin box.
● The phrase in italics is a noun phrase.
● It has the noun – box – as the headword, and three adjectives preceding it.
● Notice the order in which the adjectives occur - size (small), colour (black) and material (tin) of which it is made.
● We rarely use more than four adjectives before a noun and there is no rigid order in which they are used, though there is a preferred order of modifies/adjectives in a noun phrase, as given below.
Determiner | Modifier 1 (opinion, feeling) | Modifier 2 (size, shape, age) | Modifier 3 (colour) | Modifier 4 (material) | Headword |
a/an/the | nice/lazy/beautiful | tall/round/old/young | red/white/light/dark | Silk/cotton/wollen | Woman man/ table/chair |
The table below contains a list of nouns and some adjectives. Use as many adjectives as you can to describe each noun. You might come up with some funny descriptions!
Nouns | Adjectives |
elephant | circular, striped, enormous |
face | Multi-coloured, round, cheerful, |
building | wild, blue, red, chubby, |
water | Large, medium-sized, cold |