Solution of Chapter 4. Linear Equations in two Variables (NCERT - Mathematics Book)

The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear equation in two variables to represent this statement.

(Take the cost of a notebook to be Rs x and that of a pen to be Rs. y)

Express the following linear equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of a, b and c in each case:

(i)

(ii)

(iii) –2x + 3y = 6

(iv) x = 3y

(v) 2x = –5y

(vi) 3x + 2 = 0
(vii) y – 2 = 0

(viii) 5 = 2x

Which one of the following options is true, and why?

y = 3x + 5 has

(i) A unique solution,

(ii) Only two solutions,

(iii) Infinitely many solutions

Write four solutions for each of the following equations:

(i) 2x + y = 7

(ii)

(iii) x = 4y

Check which of the following are solutions of the equation x-2y = 4 and which are not:

(i) (0, 2)

(ii) (2, 0)

(iii) (4, 0)

(iv)

(v) (1, 1)

Find the value of k, if x = 2, y = 1 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = k

Draw the graph of each of the following linear equations in two variables:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Give the equations of two lines passing through (2, 14). How many more such lines are there, and why?

If the point (3, 4) lies on the graph of the equation 3y = ax + 7, find the value of a

The taxi fare in a city is as follows: For the first kilo-meter the fare is Rs 8 and for the subsequent distance it is Rs 5 per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total fare as Rs y, write a linear equation for this information, and draw its graph.

From the choices given below, choose the equation whose graphs are given in Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7

For Fig 4.6 For Fig 4.7

(i) y = x (i) y = x + 2

(ii) x + y = 0 (ii) y = x - 2

(iii) y = 2x (iii) y = -x + 2

(iv) 2 + 3y = 7x (iv) x + 2y = 6

If the work done by a body on application of a constant force is directly proportional to the distance travelled by the body, express this in the form of an equation in two variables and draw the graph of the same by taking the constant force as 5 units. Also read from the graph the work done when the distance travelled by the body is (i) 2 units (ii) 0 unit

Yamini and Fatima, two students of Class IX of a school, together contributed Rs 100towards the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund to help the earthquake victims. Write a linear equation which satisfies this data. (You may take their contributions as Rs x and Rs y) Draw the graph of the same.

In countries like USA and Canada, temperature is measured in Fahrenheit, whereas in countries like India, it is measured in Celsius. Here is a linear equation that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius:

(i) Draw the graph of the linear equation above using Celsius for x-axis and Fahrenheit for y-axis.

(ii) If the temperature is 30⁰C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?

(iii) If the temperature is 95⁰F, what is the temperature in Celsius?

(iv) If the temperature is 0⁰C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit and if the temperature is 0⁰F, what is the temperature in Celsius?

(v) Is there a temperature which is numerically the same in both Fahrenheit and Celsius? If yes, find it.

Give the geometric representations of y = 3 as an equation

(i) In one variable

(ii) In two variables

Give the geometric representations of 2x + 9 = 0 as an equation

(i) In one variable

(ii) In two variables