Solutions of chapter 2. Sectors of the Indian Economy | Understanding Economic Development

1

Complete the given table to show how sectors are dependent on each other.

EXAMPLE	WHAT DOES THIS SHOW?
Imagine what would happen if farmers refuse to sell sugarcane to a particular sugar mill. The mill will have to shut down.	This is an example of the secondary or industrial sector being dependent on the primary,
Imagine what would happen to cotton cultivation if companies decide not to buy from the Indian market and import all cotton they need from other countries. Indian cotton cultivation will become less profitable and the farmers may even go bankrupt, if they cannot quickly switch to other crops. Cotton prices will fall.
Farmers buy many goods such as tractors, pump sets, electricity equipments, pesticides and fertilizers. Imagine what would happen if the price of fertilizers or pump sets go up. Cost of cultivation of the farmers will rise and their profits will be reduced
People working in industrial and service sector need food. Imagine what would happen if there is a strike by transporters and lorries refuse to take vegetables, milk, etc. from rural areas. Food will become scarce in urban areas whereas farmers will be unable to sell their products

2

Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text.

3

Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors:

● Tailor

● Workers in match factory

● Basket weaver

● Money lender

● Flower cultivator

● Gardener

● Milk vendor

● Potter

● Fishermen

● Bee-keeper

● Priest

● Astronaut

● Courier

● Call centre employee

4

Students in a school are often classified into primary and secondary or junior and senior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you think this is a useful classification? Discuss.

1

What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?

2

Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this jumble.

To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced.

We count all those that were produced in the last five years.

Since we shouldn’t leave out anything we add up all these goods and services.

1

Answer the following questions by looking at the graph

(i) Which was the largest producing sector in 1971-72?

(ii) Which is the largest producing sector in 2011-12?

(iii) Can you say which sector has grown the most over, forty years?

(iv) What was the GDP of India in 2011-12?

1

Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 answer the question that follows.

TABLE 2.2 SHARE OF PRIMARY SECTOR IN GDP AND EMPLOYMENT
	1971-72	1972-73	2011-12
Share in GDP
Share in employment

What are the changes that you observe in the primary sector over a span of thirty years?

2

Choose the correct answer:

Underemployment occurs when people:

3

Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kinds of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?

4

Why should we be worried about underemployment?

1

Why do you think NREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘Right lo Work’?

2

Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this Act that would also increase the income of people? Discuss.

3

How would income and employment increase of farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?

4

In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?

1

Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganized sector activities?

(i) A teacher taking classes in a school.

(ii) A head load worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market.

(iii) A farmer irrigating her field.

(iv) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient.

(v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor.

(vi) A factory worker going to work in a big factory.

(vii) A handloom weaver working in her house.

2

Talk to someone who has a regular job in the organized sector and another who works in the unorganized sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all aspects.

3

How would you distinguish between organized and unorganized sectors? Explain in your own words.

4

The table below shows the estimated number of workers in India in the organized and unorganized sectors. Read the table carefully. Fill in the missing data and answer the questions that follow.

Sector	Organised	Unorganized	Total
Primary	1		232
Secondary	41	74	115
Tertiary	40	88	172
Total	82
Total in Percentage			100%

● What is the percentage of people in the unorganized sector in agriculture?

● Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganized sector activity? Why?

● If we look at the country as a whole, we find that…..of the workers in India are in the unorganized sector. Organized sector employment is available to only about…..of the workers in India.

1

Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:

(i) Employment in the service sector _______ increased to the same extent as production. (Has/has not)

(ii) Workers in the ______ sector do not produce goods. (Tertiary/agricultural)

(iii) Most of the workers in the ______ sector enjoy job security. (Organized/unorganized)

(iv) A ______ proportion of laborers in India are working in the unorganized sector. (Large/small)

(v) Cotton is a ______ product and cloth is a _____ product. (Natural/manufactured)

(vi) The activities in Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _____ (Independent/Interdependent)

2

Choose the most appropriate answer:

The sectors are classified into public and private sectors on the basis of:

2

Choose the most appropriate answer:

Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _____ sector.

2

Choose the most appropriate answer:

GDP is the total value of_______ produced during a particular year.

2

Choose the most appropriate answer:

In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2003 is _____

3

Match the following:

Problems faced by farming sector	Some possible measures
1. Unirrigated land	(a) Setting up Agro-based mills.
2. Low prices for crops	(b) Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden	(c)Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season	(d) Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest	(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

4

Find the odd one out and say why.

(i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter

(ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer

(iii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable

(iv) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, SAHARA Airlines, All India Radio

5

A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following:

Place of work	Nature of employment	Percentage of working people
In offices and factories registered with the government	Organized	15
Own shops, office, clinics in market places with formal license	_	15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers	_	20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government	_	_

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganized sector in this city?

6

Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how?

7

For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why one should focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

8

Make a long list of all kinds of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

9

How is Tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

10

What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

11

Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

12

“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

13

Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

14

Workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

15

How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

16

Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organized and unorganized sectors.

17

Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.

18

Using examples from your area compare and contrast the activities and functions of private and public sectors.

19

Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.

20

Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

21

Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

22

The workers in the unorganized sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.

23

A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15, 00, 000 workers in the city, 11, 00, 000 worked in the unorganized sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs.60, 000 million. Out of this, Rs.32, 000 million was generated in the organized sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

24

The following gives the GDP I rupees (Crore) by the three sectors:

Year	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary
1950	80, 000	19, 000	39, 000
2011	8, 18, 000	12, 49, 000	28, 18, 000

(i) Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 and 2011.

(ii) Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.

(iii) What conclusion can we draw from the bar graph?

Solution of Chapter 2. Sectors of the Indian Economy (Understanding Economic Development Book)

Chapter Exercises

Let's Work these Out-Pg-21

Let's Work these Out-Pg-23

Let's Work these Out-Pg-24

Let's Work these Out-Pg-27

Let's Work these Out-Pg-29

Let's Work these Out-Pg-31

Exercises

Let's Work these Out-Pg-21

Let's Work these Out-Pg-23

Let's Work these Out-Pg-24

Let's Work these Out-Pg-27

Let's Work these Out-Pg-29

Let's Work these Out-Pg-31

Exercises