Solution of Chapter 12. Thermodynamics (Physics Part-II Book)

A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litres per minute from 27°C to 77°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its heat of combustion is 4.0 × 10⁴ J/g?

What amount of heat must be supplied to 2.0 × 10^–2 kg of nitrogen (at room temperature) to raise its temperature by 45°C at constant pressure? (Molecular mass of N₂ = 28; R = 8.3 J mol^–1 K^–1.)

Explain why

Two bodies at different temperatures T₁ and T₂ if brought in thermal contact do not necessarily settle to the mean temperature (T₁ + T₂ )/2.

Explain why

The coolant in a chemical or a nuclear plant (i.e., the liquid used to prevent the different parts of a plant from getting too hot) should have high specific heat.

Explain why

Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving.

Explain why

The climate of a harbour town is more temperate than that of a town in a desert at the same latitude.

A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3 moles of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. The walls of the cylinder are made of a heat insulator, and the piston is insulated by having a pile of sand on it. By what factor does the pressure of the gas increase if the gas is compressed to half its original volume?

In changing the state of a gas adiabatically from an equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B, an amount of work equal to 22.3 J is done on the system. If the gas is taken from state A to B via a process in which the net heat absorbed by the system is 9.35 cal, how much is the net work done by the system in the latter case? (Take 1 cal = 4.19 J)

Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock.

A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated.

The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following:

(a) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B?

(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas?

(c) What is the change in the temperature of the gas?

(d) Do the intermediate states of the system (before settling to the final equilibrium state) lie on its P-V-T surface?

A steam engine delivers 5.4×10⁸J of work per minute and services 3.6 × 10⁹J of heat per minute from its boiler. What is the efficiency of the engine? How much heat is wasted per minute?

An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 100W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joules per second. At what rate is the internal energy increasing?

A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state to an intermediate state by the linear process shown in Fig. (12.13)

Its volume is then reduced to the original value from E to F by an isobaric process.

Calculate the total work done by the gas from D to E to F

A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 9^oC. If room temperature is 36 ^oC, calculate the coefficient of performance.