Opuntia is a desert plant. Its stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the photosynthesis.

In some plants, roots become assimilatory as in the case of Trapa and Tinospora. These roots grow outside the soil, develop chlorophyll in them and perform photosynthesis.

In Australian Acasia the petiole takes the shape of leaf and turns green to perform te function of photosynthesis.

The stem, i.e., about one internode long modifies into a leaf like structure to carry out photosynthesis, as in Asparagus.