The leaf anatomy of the C4 plants is special. The vascular bundles in leaves contain a sheath of large cells. Kranz Anatomy is called. In particular, chloroplast impregnates several layers of cells around the bundle cell. These cell thick walls cannot be exchanged for gasses. The sheath is without intercellular space.

C4 plants over C4 plants are securely fastened with the bundle sheath.It helps to increase the level of carbon dioxide in the leaves.We know that it is competitive to bind Rubisco to CO₂ and oxygen.

We also know that a certain molecule is affected by the relative concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The high carbon dioxide concentration in these plants guarantees that the whole Rubisco binds to carbon dioxide and that no oxygen is binding.

Therefore, in these plants there is no photo vacuuming. This helps to prevent resource wastage and carbon fixation in these plants is highly efficient. These plants eventually produce more biomass than the C3 plants.