Gibberellins promote the formation of male flowers on genetically female plants in Cannabis whereas ethylene promotes formation of female flowers on genetically male plants.

GA does not directly promote stamen differentiation in the bud but suppress the formation of female flowers due to which male flowers eventually develop.

Ethylene induces flowering so can be used to increase the number of female flowers in the cucumber plants. It selectively induces flowering of female plants suggesting a link between ethylene signalling and primordial anther specific DNA damage in female cucumber flowers.