• A neuron can be divided mainly into three parts –

i) Axon

ii) Cell body

iii) Dendrites

• Any nerve impulse (bioelectric/electrochemical disturbance that passes along neuron during conduction of an excitation) is passed from one neuron to another neuron via axon.

• Transport and release of a neurotransmitter occurs within a synapse.

• At a chemical synapse, the membranes of the pre- and post-synaptic neurons are separated by a fluid-filled space called synaptic cleft.

• Chemicals called neurotransmitters are involved in the transmission of impulses at these synapses.

• The axon terminals contain vesicles filled with these neurotransmitters.

• When an impulse (action potential) arrives at the axon terminal, it stimulates the movement of the synaptic vesicles towards the membrane, where they fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.

• The released neurotransmitters bind to their specific receptors, present on the post-synaptic membrane.

• This binding opens ion channels allowing the entry of ions which can generate a new action potential in the post-synaptic neuron.