Although Zr belongs to 4d and Hf belongs to 5d transition series but it is quite difficult to separate them. Why?

Zirconium and Hafnium do belong to the same group Lanthanide contraction due to lanthanoids contraction poor f orbital shielding leads to an increase in effective nuclear charge, which reduces the size of Hf. So the atomic radii of both Zr and Hf are similar which means they have similar physical and chemical properties and hence separation becomes difficult.


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