• Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines.

• Generally, the reaction uses potassium Pthalimide as reactant which by reaction with ethanolic KOH at first produces potassium salt of phthalimide which con heating with a certain alkyl halide (production of N-aikylpthalimide) followed by hydrolysis in alkaline medium produces the corresponding primary amine, without changing in the number of carbon atoms of the chain.

• Other 2 preparation of amines (i) Hoffmann Bromamide reaction ( product amine will have 1 carbon less than the reactant alkyl halide) and (iv) Reaction with NH₃ ammonolysisof alkyl halides(the primary amine obtained can further undergo reaction with halide and forms secondary, tertiary or even quaternary amines ) are not necessarily form primary amines without changing the number of carbon atoms in the chain.