(i) Soap chips – (b) Small broken pieces of soap formed from melting

Soap chips involve melted soaps. They are formed when melted soap is made to fall in a cool cylinder while scrapping off the soaps in small pieces due to the effect of melting.

(ii) Soap granules – (a) Dried miniature soap bubbles.

If we look at the texture or the composure of soap granules, we find that the texture is very dried and flaky. They are formed miniature soap bubbles when they are dried.

(iii) Soap powder – (d) Soap powder + builders like Na₂CO₃ and Na₃PO₄

Builders are basically materials which maintain the cleaning efficiency of a detergent or soap. They work by inactivating the water hardness where phosphates and carbonates as well as silicates of Sodium are involved.

Since soap powders require maintaining the cleaning efficiency, builders are used along with soap powder itself.

(iv) Scouring soap – (c) Soap powder + abrasives + builders (Na₂CO₃ + Na₃PO₄)

Scouring soaps are those soaps which remove dirt, grease and other tough substances by some rough or abrasive materials with hard scrubbing along with some builders. Builders are basically materials which maintain the cleaning efficiency of a detergent or soap. They work by inactivating the water hardness where phosphates and carbonates as well as silicates of Sodium are involved.