Show that the minimum energy needed to separate a proton from a nucleus with Z protons and N neutrons is

ΔE = (Mz–1, N +MH –MZ, N) c2


Where MZ, N = mass of an atom with Z protons and N neutrons in the nucleus and MH = mass of a hydrogen atom. This energy is known as proton-separation energy.


, X = element under consideration

[Note: Hydrogen has no neutrons in the nucleus]


Now from the above equation we can easily write the energy equation:



Hence



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