The examination of Indo-China relations can be understood by the following:

(I) Friendly Relations:

(i) Post the Chinese Revolution in the year 1949, India was among the initial nations to recognise the communist government.

(ii) Prime Minister Nehru as well as Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai adopted the five principles relating to peaceful co-existence, named Panchsheel, on April 29, 2954.

(II) Chinese Invasion and Strained Relation:

(i) China annexed the region of Tibet in the year 1950 and hence, removed a historical buffer existing between the two nations.

(ii) Dalai Lama, Tibetan spiritual leader, had sought asylum within India in the year 1959 while China alleged that India was permitting anti-China activities within the nation.

(iii) Boundary disputes emerged between the two nations over Aksai-China region located in the Ladakh area as well as NEFA or North-East Frontier Agency in the Eastern region.

(iv) The boundary disputed resulted in a massive Chinese invasion in October 1962. Ultimately, China declared unilateral ceasefire while the relations between the two nations stayed strained.