Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions :

A. Clemmensen reduction:


B. Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction


OR


How do you convert


A. Toluene to benzaldehyde


B. Ethanoyl chloride to ethanol


A. The chemical equation involved in Clemmenson reduction is as follows:



This is the mechanism of the above reaction.



Note - 2e- is from zinc as it donates to form Zn2+.


B.


The chemical equation of Hell-Volhard Zelinsky is as follows.



This is the mechanism of it.



OR


A.



This above reaction is known as Etard reaction


Note – A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular reaction.


B.


Following reaction takes place:


O=CH2–Cl CH2–COOH CH3–CH2–OH


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