Explain the formation of (i) sodium ion, and (ii) chloride ion, form their respective atoms giving the number of protons and number of electrons in each one of them. What is the reason for positive charge on a sodium ion and a negative charge on a chloride ion?

Question

Philoid · Accepted Answer

Formation of Sodium ion- The atomic number of sodium is 11. The arrangements of electrons in the shells of the sodium atom is in the combination of 2,8,1. The valence electron present in the outermost shell of sodium atom is 1. The sodium atom can lose one electron to form sodium ion(Na⁺). There will be reduction in number of electrons, E=10. Number of protons remain same as 11. Due to the decrease in one electron, there is positive charge on a sodium ion.

Formation of Chloride ion- The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The arrangements of electrons in the shells of the chlorine atom is in the combination of 2,8,7. The valence electron present in the outermost shell of chlorine atom is 1. The chlorine atom can lose one electron to form chlorine ion(Cl^-). There will be increase in number of electrons, E=18. Number of protons remain same as 17. Due to the increase in one electron, there is negative charge on a chloride ion.