Give an example each of the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures. (a) A volatile and a non-volatile component. (b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. (c) Two immiscible liquids. (d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state. (e) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.

Question

Philoid · Accepted Answer

(a) Example: Mixture of acetone (volatile) and water (non-volatile)
Method of separation: Simple distillation can be used to separate a mixture of volatile and non-volatile components. Components will separate out based on different boiling points.
(b) Example: Mixture of kerosene (volatile) and petrol (volatile)
Method of separation: Simple distillation can be used to separate two volatile components with different boiling points.
(c) Example: Mixture of mustard oil and water (immiscible in each other)
Method of separation: A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of immiscible liquids.
(d) Example: Mixture of ammonium chloride and common salt
Method of separation: Sublimation can be used to separate the mixture in which one component changes directly from solid to gas (sublime substance).
(e) Example: A mixture of different pigments from an extract of flower petals
Method: Chromatography can be used to separate two different substances present in the same solution. Paper chromatography is generally used to separate coloured substances.