(i) We have,

2 –

= –

= –

=

=

(ii) We have,

4 +

= +

= +

=

=

= 4

(iii) We have,

+

= +

= +

=

=

(iv) We have,

–

= –

= –

=

=

(v) We have,

+ +

= + +

=

=

=

= 2

_{(vi) We have,}

2 + 3

= +

= +

= +

=

=

= 6

_{(vii) We have,}

8 – 3

= –

= –

= –

=

=

= 4