(a) True. All the societies in the world were of the view that there are well-defined roles for boys and girls. There are two kinds of societies - patriarchal and matriarchal. In India, except few areas, we have a system of patriarchal where head of the family is male. It is the male population who is the head of the family and responsible for all the decisions in the family. Whereas in matriarchal societies like samoan islands head of the family is female and various political and social titles are headed by women population.

(b) False. Our society does make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up. The classic example of this distinction we could see in the kinds of toys given to boys and girls for playing. The girls were given dolls to play with, on the other hand cars were given to boys. Also things like, how girls must dress, what games boys should play, how girls need to talk softly or boys need to be tough, shows the gender distinctions while growing up.

(c) False. General notion is that the woman who stay at home does not work. But this is not true. Women who stay at home do almost an equal amount of work as compared to their male counterparts by running the household, which is not an easy task. On an average, women spend more time working as compared to men. However, their work goes unnoticed because a bulk of their work is household-related and does not contribute to the generation of income.

(d) True. Normally, it is the male population who is responsible for earning for the household expenditures. Hence, the household work done by women is less valued than that of men. All the household chores and caregiving tasks, like looking after the family is the responsibility of women. Men are engaged in outdoor physical activities and their work is valued more than that of housework by women.