Factories:

x2 – y2 – 2y – 1

Given,


x2 – y2 – 2y – 1


= x2 – (y2 + 2y + 1)


By using the formula a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)


We get,


x2 – y2 – 2y – 1 = x2 – (y2 + 2y + 1)


= (x)2 – (y + 1)2


={x + (y +1)}{x – (y + 1)}


= (x + y + 1)(x – y – 1)


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