p² – 4p – 77

Now, first we have to find out the numbers whose-

Sum = - 4 and

Product = - 77

The numbers are 11 and 7,

So,

p² – 4p – 77

= p² – 11p + 7p – 77

= p(p – 11) + 7(p – 11)

= (p – 11)(p + 7)