Parallels of latitudes -The equator divides the earth into two equal halves. Therefore, the equator is an imaginary circular line and is a very important reference point to locate places on the earth. The parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called the parallels of latitudes. The Latitudes are measured in degrees.

Meridians of longitudes- To fix the position of a place, it is necessary to know something more than the latitude of that place. In order to locate a place precisely, it is important to find out how far east or west such place is from a given line of reference running from the North Pole to the South Pole. These lines of references are called meridian of longitudes.