(a) Total Revolution – Bihar Movement

• The Bihar Movement was initiated by students and led by Socialist JP Narayan. He called for “total revolution” asking students, peasants and labour organizations to non-violently transform Indian society. It was against misrule and corruption in the government of Bihar. Later Total Revolution turned against the central government.

(b) Garibi Hatao –Indira Gandhi

• Garibi Hatao was the theme and slogan of Indira Gandhi in 1971 elections. This slogan gave her an independent national support based on local and urban poor. This slogan initiated anti-poverty programs for the poor. This made her gain the both political worth and political weight.

(c) Student’s Protest –Jayprakash Narayan

• On 18 February 1974, the Patna University students union organized a convention which invited student leaders from the whole state. They formed Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti to spread the agitation. Their demands were related to education and food in hostel. In March-April 1974, a student led agitation in Bihar received the support of Socialist Jayaprakash Narayan against the Bihar government.

(d) Railway Strike – George Fernandes

• George Fernandes was the president of All India Railwaymen’s Federation. He led the railway strike commenced on 8 may 1974. It was a strike by workers of Indian Railways. The strike was held to demand a rise in pay scale, which had remained stagnant over many years.