The Kingdom of Vijayanagara was located in the natural basin formed by river Tungabhadra which flowers in a north – easterly direction, the surrounding landscape is characterised by granite hills from which a number of streams flow down to the river from these rocky outcrops.

TANKS – The rulers of Vijayanagara got the embankments built along these structures to create tanks of varying sizes.

NETWORK OF PIPES – The reservoirs were also used to collect rain water and then through a well laid out system of pipes (approx 15 k.m) the water was transported to the adjacent fields and to the city.

The most important of such tanks was the ‘Kamalapuram Tank’ which not only irrigated nearby fields but also provided water to the Royal centre.

CANALS – The king of the Sangama Dynasty got a canal made – the Hiriya canal. It drew water from a drain across the Tungabhadrs.

According to domingo paes; a foreign travellers who visited India in the 16^th century wrote that the king Krishnadeva Raya made a tank after breaking two hills.