Various bactaria, fungi and cyanobactaria are used in organic farming instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Biofertilizers are organisms that help in enriching the soil with nutrients.

• Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Azotobacter help in nitrogen fixation and hence, enrich the soil with nitrogen.

• Fungi such as mycorrhiza form symbiont relationship with plants and absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.

• Cyanobactaria help in nitrogen fixation and is an important biofertilizer.

• Blue green algae adds organic matter to the soil.

• Bio-pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills the insect pests

• Baculoviruses are bio-pesticide that is used as a biological control agent against insects and other arthropods.