Water is a polar compound (due to electronegativity difference between O and H) . We know that “like dissolves like”. So, a non-polar compound will be more soluble in non-polar solvent as compared to polar compound.

(i) Phenol has the polar group -OH and non-polar group –C₆H₅ and it can not form H bonding with water(presence of bulky non-polar group) . Thus, phenol is partially soluble in water.

(ii) Toluene has no polar groups. Thus, toluene is insoluble in water.

(iii) Formic acid (HCOOH) has the polar group -OH and can form H-bond with water. Thus, formic acid is highly soluble in water.

(iv) Ethylene glycol(OH-CH₂-CH_2-OH) has polar -OH group and can form H-bond with water. Thus, it is highly soluble in water.

(v) Chloroform is partly soluble as CHCl₃ is polar in nature due to high electronegativity of Cl atoms, there will be production of partial + charge on H atom so it can form H bonding with water but it is also surrounded by 3 Cl atoms, so partly soluble.

(vi) Pentanol(C₅H₁₁OH) has polar -OH group, but it also contains a very bulky non-polar group –C₅H₁₁. Thus, pentanol is partially soluble in water.