Water and minerals are transported through xylem. According to theory of transpiration pull given by Dixon and jolly, water forms a chain of column by attracting to each other as force molecules, water chains are pulled from downwards to upwards by huge force of water chain.

Minerals are transported through xylem based on concentration gradient. Minerals in soil which are in lowest gradient are transported from soil to plant root to higher gradient which involves exchange of ATP. Protein molecules carry minerals from soil to plant root and upwards with use of ATP.