Contraception is use of methods/devices to control pregnancy in women.

There are various methods to avoid pregnancy-

1). Barrier methods- Use of condoms, diaphragm, and cervical caps. Condom is used by men to prevent the transfer of sperms from penis to uterus, thus preventing fertilization of egg. Diaphragm is used by females to cover the cervix. Cervical caps are also used by females for the same purpose.

2). Surgical methods- Vasectomy and Tubectomy. Vasectomy is done in males where a part of vas deference is removed which prevents the sperms from coming out.

Tubectomy is done in females where a part of fallopian tube is removed and the ends are ligated. This prevents the transfer of eggs into the oviduct.

3). Oral Contraceptive pills- They contain hormones like progesterone or progesterone and estrogen combination which prevent the ovaries from releasing egg.

4). Intra Uterine Devices- these devices release copper ions to decrease sperm motility. Loop and copper-T are 2 such devices.