(a) Differences between myelinated axon non myelinated axon.

Myelinated Axons	Non- Myelinated axon
Myelin sheath is present around them.	Myelin sheath is absent.
Nodes of Ranvier are present at intervals.	Nodes of Ranvier are absent.
They appear white in fresh state.	They appear grey in fresh state.
Conduction is fast.	Conduction is slow.

(b) Differences between dendrites and axons.

Dendrites	Axons
These are extensions of the cyton present at the anterior position.	These are the extensions of the cyton present at the posterior position.
These are numerous in number.	These are only one in a neuron.

(c) Differences between rods and cones

Rod Cells	Cone cells
They are about 120 million in human eye.	They are about 7 millions in human eye.
Outer segment is cylindrical and contains rhodopsin.	Outer segment is conical and contains iodopsin.
Inner end bears a knob.	Inner end is branched.
All the rod cells are alike and take no part in colour vision.	Cone cells provide colour vision.
These cells are sensitive to low light intensity and function in dim light.	Cone cells are sensitive to high light intensity i.e. function in bright light.

(d) Differences between thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus	Hypothalamus
The side of the diencephalon is called thalamus.	The floor of the diencephalon is called hypothalamus.
It is a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signalling.	It has centres that control body temperature, eating and drinking.
It secretes no hormones.	It secretes hormones.

(e) Differences between cerebrum and cerebellum.

Cerebrum	Cerebellum
It is part of fore brain.	It is a part of hindbrain.
The two sides (cerebral hemisphere) are connected by corpus callosum.	The two sides of cerebellum are joined by pons varolli.
Its cavities are called lateral ventricles (paracoel).	It is almost solid and contains only narrow cerebellar ventricle (metacoel).
It relays impulses to all parts and control voluntary movements and seat of intelligence and memory.	It is the seat of equilibrium.