If α, β, γ are the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then α2 + β2 + γ2 =

f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d,


Then the roots are : α , β and γ


Now, sum of roots:


α + β + γ = - b/a ….(i)


The product of zeroes,


α × β × γ = -d/a….(ii)


And,


αβ + βγ + γα = c/a…(iii)


Now,


(α + β + γ)2 = α2 + β2 + γ2 + 2αβ + 2βγ + 2γα




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