(i) Conversion of phenol to toluene

Step 1: Phenol on distillation with zinc dust give the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons.

Step 2: Now, benzene is treated with CH₃Cl, to form toluene.

(ii) Conversion of formaldehyde (HCHO) into ethanol (CH₃—CH₂—OH)

Explanation:

Step 1: Formaldehyde is treated with Grignard reagent to form

CH₃—CH₂O—MgBr

Step 2: Now, CH₃—CH₂O—MgBr undergoes hydrolysis to form ethanol by the removal of Mg(OH)Br

CH₃—CH₂O—MgBr → CH₃—CH₂—OH+ Mg(OH)Br

Ethanol