Xylem is the water and minerals conducting element of non- flowering plants. Xylem tracheids remain present in non-flowering plants and xylem vessels are absent.

Conduction takes place in the following manner:

To form a continuous system for water and mineral transportation, element of xylem- tracheids (Another element vessel is absent in non-flowering plants) remain interconnected in roots, stem and leaves.

Root cells always remain in contact with the soil and take different ions from it, due to which a concentration gradient arises between root and soil. To overcome this concentration gradient water from the soil moves to the root cells. So, water in the root xylem creates a column and water is pushed upwards. But in plants with great height this pressure is not sufficient to move the water.

Other phenomenon comes over here. Whenever there is excess water in plants evaporation occurs from the stomata which are on the leave surface and this process is called Transpiration. This process creates a negative pressure due to which water is pulled upwards and in this way water is transported in plants with great height.