(a)

(b) Indian government focusing on the use of jute or cloth carry bags due to the following aAdvantages:

● Jute is a biodegradable material, so jute bags can be degraded by decomposers. Secondly jute bags can be reused for longer time as compare to plastic bags.

● They do not pollute the environment. Hence, it eco-friendly.

● They are strong and more durable than plastic bags.

● They are capable of carrying more things.

(c) An artificial ecosystem is a system which is not self-sustaining and requires human interference in order to survive. The artificial ecosystem would not survive without human assistance. For examples Aquariums, crop field, manmade pond and garden. Artificial ecosystems consist of plants and species outside their natural habitat. Without humans, artificial ecosystems could not sustain itself. The plants and animals need help of humans to eat and survive.