Early Vietnamese had a close relationship with both Japan and China. The following are the examples to prove that.

1) They appealed to the Japanese as fellow Asians Developments in China inspired nationalists in Vietnam. Vietnamese students organised the association for the restoration of Vietnam seeing the developments in China.

2) They provided a refuge for those escaping French police and a location suitable such that a wider Asian network of revolutionaries could be established.

3) They provided models for people looking for a change.