Show that the function g(x) = x – [x] is discontinuous at all integral points. Here [x] denotes the greatest integer function.

Basic Idea:


A real function f is said to be continuous at x = c, where c is any point in the domain of f if :


where h is a very small ‘+ve’ no.


i.e. left hand limit as x c (LHL) = right hand limit as x c (RHL) = value of function at x = c.


This is very precise, using our fundamental idea of limit from class 11 we can summarise it as, A function is continuous at x = c if :



Given,


g(x) = x – [x] …………equation 1


We need to prove that g(x) is discontinuous at every integral point.


Note: Idea of greatest integer function [x] –


Greatest integer function can be seen as an input output machine in which if you enter a number, It returns the greatest integer that is just less than number x.


For example : [2.5] = 2 ; [9.99998] = 9 ; [–3.899] = –4 ; [4] = 4


To prove g(x) discontinuous at integral points we need to show that



Where c is any integer.


Let c is any integer


g(c) = c – [c] = c – c =0 [using eqn 1]


LHL =


[ c is integer and h is very small positive no, so (c–h) is a number less than integer c greatest integer less than (c –h) = (c–1)]


RHL = [using eqn 1 and idea of gif function]


Thus, LHL ≠ RHL


g(x) is discontinuous at every integral point.


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