Minerals have a variety of practical uses in the pharmaceutical, manufacturing construction, petroleum and high-tech industries. Not only is it valued in the form of precious and semi-precious gemstones, but it is also essential for the proper functioning of human life. Other than the daily intake requirement of minerals by a human body, even the daily toothpaste we use has minerals in it. Abrasive minerals like silica and limestone are used as cleaning agents, while minerals like fluorite produce fluoride which prevents cavities. The white colouring of most toothpaste comes from titanium oxide which is derived from minerals such as rutile, ilmenite and anatase. The sparkle in some toothpaste comes from the mineral mica. Even the toothbrush and tube containing the paste is plastic which is mineral derivative from petroleum.