Evaluate the following integral:
First we simplify numerator, we will rewrite denominator as shown below
Add and subtract numerator with ( – 6x2 + 11x – 6), we get
The denominator is factorized, so let separate the fraction through partial fraction, hence let
⇒ 6x2 – 11x + 6 = A(x – 2)(x – 3) + B(x – 1)(x – 3) + C(x – 1)(x – 2)……(ii)
We need to solve for A, B and C. One way to do this is to pick values for x which will cancel each variable.
Put x = 1 in the above equation, we get
⇒ 6(1)2 – 11(1) + 6 = A(1 – 2)(1 – 3) + B(1 – 1)(1 – 3) + C(1 – 1)(1 – 2)
⇒ 1 = 2A + 0 + 0
Now put x = 2 in equation (ii), we get
6(2)2 – 11(2) + 6 = A(2 – 2)(2 – 3) + B(2 – 1)(2 – 3) + C(2 – 1)(2 – 2)
⇒ 8 = 0 – B + 0
⇒ B = – 8
Now put x = 3 in equation (ii), we get
⇒ 6(3)2 – 11(3) + 6 = A(3 – 2)(3 – 3) + B(3 – 1)(3 – 3) + C(3 – 1)(3 – 2)
⇒ 27 = 0 + 0 + 2C
We put the values of A, B, and C values back into our partial fractions in equation (i) and replace this as the integrand. We get
Split up the integral,
Let substitute
u = x – 1 ⇒ du = dx,
y = x – 2 ⇒ dy = dx and
z = x – 3 ⇒ dz = dx, so the above equation becomes,
On integrating we get
Substituting back, we get
Note: the absolute value signs account for the domain of the natural log function (x>0).
Hence,