Raw Materials required for the preparation of soap in the laboratory:

⇒ Vegetable oil

⇒ Sodium Hydroxide

⇒ Common salt

⇒ Beaker

⇒ Bunsen Burner.

• The reaction between vegetable oil and sodium hydroxide solution is exothermic in nature because heat is liberated during the reaction.

• The white suspension formed is made up of soap and glycerol. The process of formation of soap is called saponification.

• Test using red and blue litmus papers shows that soap suspension is basic in nature and not acidic in nature.

• The process of precipitation of soap from the suspension is called salting out.

To determine the nature of reaction mixture of saponification reaction we can dip a litmus paper, red litmus will turn blue indication the alkaline nature of reaction mixture.