given: pack of 52 playing cards

formula:

one card is drawn from the given pack of cards, total possible outcomes are ⁵²C₁

therefore n(S)=⁵²C₁=52

(i) let E be the event of getting a spade

n(E)= ¹³C₁=13

Therefore, probability of event E’ is

P(E’) =1-P(E)

Odds in favour of getting a spade is P(E):P(E’) =1:3

(ii) let E be the event of getting a king

n(E)= ⁴C₁=4

Therefore, probability of event E’ is

P(E’) =1-P(E)

Odds in favour of getting a king is P(E):P(E’) =1:12