(a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.

(b) Select and write analogous structures from the list given below:


(i) wings of butterfly and birds


(ii) vertebrate hearts


(iii) tendrils of bougainvillea and cucurbita


(iv) tubers of sweet potato and potato

(a)




(b) Analogous structures leads to convergent evolution. These structures differ anatomically and have different origin but they perform similar functions.


(i) Wings of butterfly and birds: butterflies are invertebrates whereas birds belong to vertebrates. The wings in both perform a common function, flying.



(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato: sweet potato is a modified underground root whereas potato is a modified underground stem. Both have different origin but perform a common function, storage of food.


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