Migration refers to the movement of people and human settlements from the rural areas to the urban areas. Employment opportunities, higher standard of living, better facilities and infrastructure force people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. There are different causes for migration.

Economic Causes

• Unemployment: Lack of employment in backward areas is the main cause responsible for the migration from rural to urban occurs. In developed areas, there will be more employment opportunities due to factories and industries.

• Poor living condition: The cost of living in urban areas will be costlier than the rural areas. This cost is higher because there is a lack of houses and free space for the migrants. This less supply of houses makes the price of the houses and accommodation costlier.

• Better education

Another reason for the migration from the rural to urban is for the attraction towards the better education facility in urban. Schooling in rural areas is minute and will lack in the quality of teaching.

• Better health care

Urban areas provide better health care and infrastructure facility which will attract the migrants from the rural to urban. Health facility in the interior areas will be worse than the facility in urban areas.

Social Causes

• Spreading of ideas

When people migrate from one place to another they carry their own ideas and skills. The skills which they possess will be delivered to the migrated and new ideas in the migrated places will be acquired by the migrant. In this case, there takes place the exchange of ideas.

• Mixture of culture

When there is massive migration there will be a mixture of the different cultures and religions. This may lead to communal issues because of cultural beliefs and orthodoxy.

• Creation of slums

The main reason for the development of slums in an urban area is because of the migration. The migrants migrate from different places to the developed places in search of a job, better education; standard of living etc… will create slums because of lack of availability of land for unlimited use of humans.