Solution of Chapter 17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases (Biology - Exemplar Book)

Respiration in insects is called direct because

Regarding the functions of our respiratory system, mark the wrong entry.

A person suffers punctures in his chest cavity in an accident without any damage to the lungs. Its effect could be

It is known that exposure to carbon monoxide is harmful to animals because

Mark the true statement among the following with reference to normal breathing

A person breathes in some volume of air by forced inspiration after having a forced expiration. This quantity of air taken in is

Mark the incorrect statement in context to O₂ binding to Hb

Mark the correct pair of muscles involved in the normal breathing in humans.

Incidence of Emphysema – a respiratory disorder is high in cigarette smokers. In such cases

Respiratory process is regulated by certain specialized centres in the brain. One of the following centres can reduce the inspiratory duration upon stimulation

CO₂ dissociates from carbaminohaemoglobin when

In breathing movements, air volume can be estimated by

From the following relationships between respiratory volume and capacities and mark the correct answer

i. Inspiratory capacity (IC) = Tidal Volume + Residual Volume

ii. Vital Capacity (VC) = Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).

iii. Residual Volume (RV) = Vital Capacity (VC) – Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

iv. Tidal Volume (TV) = Inspiratory Capacity (IC) – Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) Options:

The oxygen - haemoglobin dissociation curve will show a right shift in case of

Match the following and mark the correct options

Options:

Define the following terms?

a. Tidal volume

b. Residual volume

c. Asthma

A fluid filled double membranous layer surrounds the lungs. Name it and mention its important function.

Name the primary site of exchange of gases in our body?

Cigarette smoking causes emphysema. Give reason.

What is the amount of O₂ supplied to tissues through every 100 ml. of oxygenated blood under normal physiological conditions?

A major percentage (97%) of O₂ is transported by RBCs in the blood. How does the remaining percentage (3%) of O₂ transported?

Arrange the following terms based on their volumes in an ascending order

a. Tidal Volume (TV)

b. Residual Volume (RV)

c. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

d. Expiratory Capacity (EC)

Complete the missing terms

a. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = _____ +IRV

b. ___________________ = TV + ERV

c. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = ERV + ____

Name the organs of respiration in the following organisms:

a. Flatworm - _________________________________________

b. Birds - _____________________________________________

c. Frog- ______________________________________________

d. Cockroach - ________________________________________

Name the important parts involved in creating a pressure gradient between lungs and the atmosphere during normal respiration.

State the different modes of CO₂ transport in blood.

Compared to O₂, diffusion rate of CO₂ through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher. Explain.

For completion of respiration process, write the given steps in sequential manner

a. Diffusion of gases (O₂ and CO₂) across alveolar membrane.

b. Transport of gases by blood.

c. Utilisation of O₂ by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO₂.

d. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO₂ rich alveolar air is released out.

e. Diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ between blood and tissues.

Differentiate between

a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume

b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity

c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder

Explain the transport of O₂ and CO₂ between alveoli and tissue with diagram.

Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.

Explain the role of neural system in regulation of respiration.