Solution of Chapter 15. Communication Systems (Physics - Exemplar Book)

Three waves A, B and C of frequencies 1600 kHz, 5 MHz and 60 MHz, respectively are to be transmitted from one place to another. Which of the following is the most appropriate mode of communication?

A 100m long antenna is mounted on a 500m tall building. The complex can become a transmission tower for waves with λ;

A speech signal of 3 kHz is used to modulate a carrier signal of frequency 1 MHz, using amplitude modulation. The frequencies of the side bands will be

A message signal of frequency ω_m is superposed on a carrier wave of frequency ω_c to get an amplitude modulated wave (AM). The frequency of the AM wave will be

I-V characteristics of four devices are shown in Fig. 15.1 Identify devices that can be used for modulation:

A male voice after modulation-transmission sounds like that of a female to the receiver. The problem is due to

A basic communication system consists of

(A) transmitter.

(B) information source.

(C) user of information.

(D) channel.

(E) receiver.

Choose the correct sequence in which these are arranged in a basic communication system:

Identify the mathematical expression for amplitude modulated wave:

An audio signal of 15kHz frequency cannot be transmitted over long distances without modulation because

Audio sine waves of 3 kHz frequency are used to amplitude modulate a carrier signal of 1.5 MHz. Which of the following statements are true?

A TV transmission tower has a height of 240 m. Signals broadcast from this tower will be received by LOS communication at a distance of (assume the radius of earth to be 6.4 × 10⁶ m)

The frequency response curve (Fig. 15.2) for the filter circuit used for production of AM wave should be

In amplitude modulation, the modulation index m, is kept less than or equal to 1 because

Which of the following would produce analog signals and which would produce digital signals?

(i) A vibrating tuning fork.

(ii) Musical sound due to a vibrating sitar string.

(iii) Light pulse.

(iv) Output of NAND gate.

Would sky waves be suitable for transmission of TV signals of 60 MHz frequency?

Two waves A and B of frequencies 2 MHz and 3 MHz, respectively are beamed in the same direction for communication via sky wave. Which one of these is likely to travel longer distance in the ionosphere before suffering total internal reflection?

The maximum amplitude of an A.M. wave is found to be 15 V while its minimum amplitude is found to be 3 V. What is the modulation index?

Compute the LC product of a tuned amplifier circuit required to generate a carrier wave of 1 MHz for amplitude modulation.

Why is a AM signal likely to be noisier than a FM signal upon transmission through a channel?

Figure 15.3 shows a communication system. What is the output power when input signal is of 1.01mW? (gain in dB = 10 log10 (P_o/P_i).

A TV transmission tower antenna is at a height of 20 m. How much service area can it cover if the receiving antenna is (i) at ground level, (ii) at a height of 25 m? Calculate the percentage increase in area covered in case (ii) relative to case (i).

If the whole earth is to be connected by LOS communication using space waves (no restriction of antenna size or tower height), what is the minimum number of antennas required? Calculate the tower height of these antennas in terms of earths radius?

The maximum frequency for reflection of sky waves from a certain layer of the ionosphere is found to be f_max = 9(N_max)^1/2, where N_max is the maximum electron density at that layer of the ionosphere. On a certain day it is observed that signals of frequencies higher than 5MHz are not received by reflection from the F₁ layer of the ionosphere while signals of frequencies higher than 8MHz are not received by reflection from the F₂ layer of the ionosphere. Estimate the maximum electron densities of the F₁ and F₂ layers on that day.

On radiating (sending out) an AM modulated signal, the total radiated power is due to energy carried by ω_c, ω_c - ω_m & ω_c + ω_m. Suggest ways to minimize cost of radiation without compromising on information.

(i) The intensity of a light pulse travelling along a communication channel decreases exponentially with distance x according to the relation I = I_oe^–αx, where I_o is the intensity at x = 0 and α is the attenuation constant.

Show that the intensity reduces by 75 per cent after a distance of

(ii) Attenuation of a signal can be expressed in decibel (dB) according to the relation . What is the attenuation in dB/km for an optical fiber in which the intensity falls by 50 per cent over a distance of 50 km?

A 50 MHz sky wave takes 4.04 ms- to reach a receiver via re-transmission from a satellite 600 km above earth’s surface. Assuming re-transmission time by satellite negligible, find the distance between source and receiver. If communication between the two was to be done by Line of Sight (LOS) method, what should size and placement of receiving and transmitting antenna be?

An amplitude modulated wave is as shown in Fig. 15.4. Calculate (i) the percentage modulation, (ii) peak carrier voltage and, (iii) peak value of information voltage.

(i) Draw the plot of amplitude versus ‘ω’ for an amplitude modulated wave whose carrier wave (ω_c) is carrying two modulating signals, ω₁ and ω₂ (ω₂ > ω₁). [Hint: Follow derivation from Eq 15.6 of NCERT Textbook of XII]

(ii) Is the plot symmetrical about ω_c? Comment especially about plot in region ω < ω_c.

(iii) Extrapolate and predict the problems one can expect if more waves are to be modulated.

(iv) Suggest solutions to the above problem. In the process can one understand another advantage of modulation in terms of bandwidth?

An audio signal is modulated by a carrier wave of 20MHz such that the bandwidth required for modulation is 3kHz. Could this wave be demodulated by a diode detector which has the values of R and C as

(i) R = 1 kΩ, C = 0.01μF.

(ii) R = 10 kΩ, C = 0.01μF.

(iii) R = 10 kΩ, C = 0.1μF.