Solution of Chapter 4. Structure of The Atom (NCERT Science Exemplar Book)

Which of the following correctly represents the electronic distribution in the Mg atom?

Rutherford’s ‘alpha (α) particles scattering experiment’ resulted into discovery of

The number of electrons in an element X is 15 and the number of neutrons is 16. Which of the following is the correct representation of the element?

Dalton’s atomic theory successfully explained

(i) Law of conservation of mass

(ii) Law of constant composition

(iii) Law of radioactivity

(iv) Law of multiple proportions

Which of the following statements about Rutherford’s model of atom are correct?

(i) considered the nucleus as positively charged

(ii) established that the α–particles are four times as heavy as a hydrogen atom

(iii) can be compared to solar system

(iv) was in agreement with Thomson’s model

Which of the following are true for an element?

(i) Atomic number = number of protons + number of electrons

(ii) Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

(iii) Atomic mass = number of protons = number of neutrons

(iv) Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons

In the Thomson’s model of the atom, which of the following statements are correct?

(i) the mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom

(ii) the positive charge is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom

(iii) the electrons are uniformly distributed in the positively charged sphere

(iv) the electrons attract each other to stabilize the atom

Rutherford’s α–particle scattering experiment showed that

(i) electrons have a negative charge

(ii) the mass and positive charge of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus

(iii) neutron exists in the nucleus

(iv) most of the space in an atom is empty

Which of the above statements are correct?

The ion of an element has 3 positive charges. A mass number of the atom is 27 and the number of neutrons is 14. What is the number of electrons in the ion?

Identify the Mg2+ ion from the Fig.4.1 where n and p represent the number of neutrons and protons respectively

In a sample of ethyl ethanoate (CH₃COOC₂H₅) the two oxygen atoms have the same number of electrons but different number of neutrons. Which of the following is the correct reason for it?

Elements with valency 1 are

The first model of an atom was given by

An atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons will have a valency of

The electron distribution in an aluminium atom is

Which of the following in Fig. 4.2 do not represent Bohr’s model of an atom correctly?

Which of the following statement is always correct?

Atomic models have been improved over the years. Arrange the following atomic models in the order of their chronological order

(i) Rutherford’s atomic model

(ii) Thomson’s atomic model

(iii) Bohr’s atomic model

Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no neutron. If so, name the element.

Write any two observations which support the fact that atoms are divisible.

Will Cl³⁵and Cl³⁷have different valencies? Justify your answer.

Why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his α–ray scattering experiment?

Find out the valency of the atoms represented by the Fig. 4.3 (a) and (b).

One electron is present in the outermost shell of the atom of an element X. What would be the nature and value of charge on the ion formed if this electron is removed from the outermost shell?

Write down the electron distribution of chlorine atom. How many electrons are there in the L shell? (Atomic number of chlorine is 17).

In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell. If it acquires noble gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then what would be the charge on the ion so formed?

What information do you get from the Fig. 4.4 about the atomic number, mass number and valency of atoms X, Y and Z? Give your answer in a tabular form.

In response to a question, a student stated that in an atom, the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons, which in turn is greater than the number of electrons. Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer.

Calculate the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an element X which is represented as 3115

Match the names of the Scientists given in column A with their contributions towards the understanding of the atomic structure as given in column B

The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass number of both these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of elements?

Complete the Table 4.1 on the basis of information available in the symbols given below

Helium atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell but its valency is not 2, Explain.

Fill in the blanks in the following statements

(a) Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment led to the discovery of the __________

(b) Isotopes have same _______ but different _______

(c) Neon and chlorine have atomic numbers 10 and 17 respectively. Their valencies will be _____ and _____ respectively.

(d) The electronic configuration of silicon is ______ and that of sulphur is _____

An element X has a mass number 4 and atomic number 2. Write the valency of this element?

Why do Helium, Neon and Argon have a zero valency?

The ratio of the radii of hydrogen atom and its nucleus is ~ 105. Assuming the atom and the nucleus to be spherical,

(i) what will be the ratio of their sizes?

(ii) If atom is represented by planet earth ‘R_e’ = 6.4 ×10 m, estimate the size of the nucleus.

Enlist the conclusions drawn by Rutherford from his α-ray scattering experiment.

In what way is the Rutherford’s atomic model different from that of Thomson’s atomic model?

What were the drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of an atom?

What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of an atom?

Show diagrammatically the electron distributions in a sodium atom and a sodium ion and also give their atomic number.

In the Gold foil experiment of Geiger and Marsden, that paved the way for Rutherford’s model of an atom, ~ 1.00% of the α-particles were found to deflect at angles > 50°. If one mole of α-particles were bombarded on the gold foil, compute the number of α-particles that would deflect at angles less than 500.