Solution of Chapter 9. Force and Laws of Motion (NCERT - Science Book)

Which of the following has more inertia?

(a) A rubber ball and a stone of the same size.

(b) A bicycle and a train.

(c) A five-rupee coin and a one-rupee coin.

In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball changes: “A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football towards the goal. The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football and kicks it towards a player of his own team.”

Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.

Explain why, some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.

Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?

If action is always equal to the reaction, explain how a horse can pull a cart.

Explain why is difficult for a fireman to hold a hose which ejects large amounts of water at a high velocity?

From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of 35 m s^-1. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.

Two objects of masses 100 g and 200 g are moving along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 ms^-1 and 1 ms^-1, respectively. They collide and after the collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 m s^-1. Determine the velocity of the second object.

An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction of the velocity. If no, provide a reason.

When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.

Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus, with a rope?

A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest. The ball slows to a stop because:

(a) The batsman did not hit the ball hard enough.

(b) Velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball.

(c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion.

(d) There is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest.

A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 metric tonnes (Hint. 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg).

A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s^-1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?

8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate:

(a) The net accelerating force,

(b) The acceleration of the train, and

(c) The force of wagon 1 on wagon 2

An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg, what must be the force between the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s^-2?

What is the momentum of an object of mass m moving with a velocity?

(a) (mv)² (b) mv² (c) 1/2mv² (d) mv

Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at constant velocity. What is the frictional force that will be exerted on the cabinet?

Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The velocity of each object is 2.5 ms^-1 before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined objects after collision?

According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on logic and explain why the truck does not move.

A hickey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 ms^-1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path with a velocity of 5 ms^-1. Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick.

A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s^-1 strikes a stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet.

An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 ms^-1 collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line. Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the velocity of the combined objects.

An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s^-1 to 8 m s^-1 in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object.

Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a large force on the insect. And as result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions.

How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s^-2.

The following is the distance time table of an object in motion:

(a) What conclusion can you draw about the acceleration? Is it constant, increasing, decreasing or zero?

(b) What do you infer about the forces acting on the object?

Two persons manage to push a motorcar of mass 1200 kg at a uniform velocity along a level road. The same motorcar can be pushed by three persons to produce an acceleration of 0.2 m s^-2. With what force does each person push the motorcar? (Assume that all persons push the motorcar with the same muscular effort).

A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m s^-1 strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer in a very short time of 0.01 s. What is the force of the nail on the hammer?

A motorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of 90 km/h. Its velocity is slowed down to 18 km/h in 4 s by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required.

A large truck and a car, both moving with a velocity of magnitude v, have a head-on collision and both of them come to a halt after that. If the collision lasts for 1 s:

(a) Which vehicle experiences the greater force of impact?

(b) Which vehicle experiences the greater change in momentum?

(c) Which vehicle experiences the greater acceleration?

(d) Why is the car likely to suffer more damage than the truck?