Solution of Chapter 8. Motion (NCERT - Science Book)

An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If yes, support your answer with an example.

A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side 10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds from his initial position?

Which of the following is true for displacement?

(a) It cannot be zero.

(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled by the object.

Distinguish between speed and velocity.

Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object equal to its average speed?

What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

What does the path of an object look like when it is in uniform motion?

During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship from the ground station, the signal travels at the speed of light i.e., 3×10⁸ m s^-1.

When will you say a body is in?

(i) Uniform acceleration?

(ii) Non - uniform acceleration?

A bus decreases its speed from 80 km h^-1 to 60 km h^-1 in 5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.

A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration attains a speed of 40 km h^-1 in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.

What is the nature of the distance time graphs for uniform and non-uniform motion of an object?

What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance time graph is a straight line parallel to the time-axis?

What can you say about the motion of an object if its speed-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis?

What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity-time graph?

A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.1 ms^-2 for 2 minutes. Find:

(a) The speed acquired.

(b) The distance travelled.

A train is travelling at a speed of 90 km h-1. Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of, -0.5 m s-2. Find how far the train will go before it is brought to rest.

A trolley, while going down an inclined plane, has an acceleration of 2 cm s^-2. What will be its velocity 3 s after the start?

A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 m s-2. What distance will it cover in 10 s after start?

A stone is thrown in vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 m s^-1. If the acceleration of the stone during its motion is 10 m s^-2 in the downward direction, what will be the height attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there?

An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?

Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight 300 m road in 2 minutes 30 seconds and then turns around and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are Joseph’s average speeds and velocities in jogging?

(a) From A to B

(b) From A to C

Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for his trip to be 20 km h^-1. On his return trip along the same route, there is less traffic and the average speed is 30 km h^-1. What is the average speed for Abdul’s trip?

A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of 3.0 m s^-2 for 8.0 s. How far does the boat travel during this time?

A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h^-1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 34 km h^-1 in another car applies his breakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?

Figure shows the distance-time graphs of three objects A, B and C. Study the graphs and answer the following questions:

(a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest?

(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?

(c) How far has C travelled when B passes A?

(d) How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?

A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s^-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?

The speed-time graph for a car is shown here.

(a) Find how far does the car travel in the first 4 seconds. Shade the area on the graph that represents the distance travelled by the car during this period.

(b) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of the car?

State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these:

(a) An object with a constant acceleration but zero velocity.

(b) An object moving in a certain direction with an acceleration in the perpendicular direction.

An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth.