Solution of Chapter 16. Chemistry In Everyday Life (Chemistry - Exemplar Book)

Which of the following statements is not correct.

Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?

Which statement about aspirin is not true

The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is _________.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ____________.

A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against _______________.

The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of _____________.

Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is __________.

Equanil is __________.

Which of the following enhances leathering property of soap?

Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______________.

Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?

Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?

Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body?

Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?

Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?

Which of the following will not enhance nutritional value of food?

Which of the following statements are incorrect about the receptor proteins

Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?

Compounds with antiseptic properties are ______________.

Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?

Which of the following are antidepressants?

Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?

Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?

Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?

Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are __________.

Which of the following are anionic detergents?

Which of the following statements are correct?

What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

Write the uses of medicines.

What are antiseptics?

Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Where are receptors located?

What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme?

What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?

Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?

What is a soft soap?

If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?

Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?

Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?

Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3-Na+

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

What are analgesics?

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Between sodiumhydrogencarbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Which analgesics are called opiates?

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

What are antagonistic drugs?

What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.

What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?

How are transparent soaps manufactured?

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why?

Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

Name two a-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?

Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening?

Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?

How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II.

Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.

Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.

Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.

Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II .

Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine

Reason : Penicillin (G) is effective against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.

Reason : Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Receptors are crucial to body’s communication process.

Reason : Receptors are proteins.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.

Reason : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles

Reason : Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion: Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.

Reason: Ethanol makes things invisible

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.

Reason : Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.

Reason : In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.

Reason : Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can’t recognise it.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.

Reason : Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.

Reason : Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : All chemicals added to food are called food preservatives.

Reason : All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion: Preservative are added to food items.

Reason: Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion : Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.

Reason : Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.

In what respect do Prontosil and Salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between Azo dye and prontosil? Explain.

How do enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.

Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.