Solution of Chapter 1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (Chemistry Part-I Book)

Calculate the molar mass of the following:

(i) H₂O (ii) CO₂ (iii) CH₄

Calculate the mass per cent of different elements present in sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄).

Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69.9% iron and 30.1% dioxygen by mass.

Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when

(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.

(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.

(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.

Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol^–1.

Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density, 1.41 g mL^–1 and the mass per cent of nitric acid in it being 69%.

How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO₄)?

Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass per cent of iron and oxygen are 69.9 and 30.1 respectively. Given that molecular mass is 159.69g.

Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:

In three moles of ethane (C₂H₆), calculate the following:

(i) Number of moles of carbon atoms.

(ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms.

(iii) Number of molecules of ethane.

What is the concentration of sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) in mol L^–1 if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water to make a final volume up to 2L?

If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L^–1, what is its volume needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?

Pressure is determined as force per unit area of the surface. The SI unit of pressure, Pascal is as shown below:

1Pa = 1N m^–2

If mass of air at sea level is 1034 g cm^–2, calculate the pressure in Pascal.

What is the SI unit of mass? How is it defined?

Match the following prefixes with their multiples:

What do you mean by significant figures?

A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with chloroform, CHCl₃, supposed to be carcinogenic in nature. The level of contamination was 15 ppm (by mass).

(i) Express this in percent by mass.

(ii) Determine the Molality of chloroform in the water sample.

Express the following in the scientific notation:

(i) 0.0048

(ii) 234,000

(iii) 8008

(iv) 500.0

(v) 6.0012

How many significant figures are present in the following?

Rules for Determination of Significant Figures:

[i] All non-zero digits are significant.

For example: 146 cm has three significant figures.

[ii] The zeros placed to the left of the first non-zero digit in the given physical quantity are not significant.

For example: 0.56cm has two significant figures.

[iii] The zeros placed to the right of the decimal point are significant.

For example: 15,0cm has three significant figures.

[iv] The zeros placed between two non-zero digits are significant.

For example: 6.08cm has three significant figures.

Round up the following up to three significant figures:

(i) 34.216

(ii) 10.4107

(iii) 0.04597

(iv) 2808

The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form different compounds:

(a) Which law of chemical combination is obeyed by the above experimental data?

Give its statement.

Fill in the blanks in the following conversions:

(i) 1 km = ...................... mm = ...................... pm

(ii) 1 mg = ...................... kg = ...................... ng

(iii) 1 mL =...................... L = ...................... dm3

If the speed of light is 3.0 × 10⁸ m s^–1, calculate the distance covered by light in 2.00 ns.

In a reaction

Identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following reaction mixtures.

(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B

(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B

(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B

(iv) 5 mol A + 2.5 mol B

(v) 2.5 mol A + 5 mol B

Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia according to the following chemical equation:

How are 0.50 mol Na₂CO₃ and 0.50 M Na₂CO₃ different?

If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas react with five volumes of dioxygen gas, how many volumes of water vapour would be produced?

Convert the following into basic units:

(i) 28.7 pm

(ii) 15.15 pm

(iii) 25365 mg

Which one of the following will have largest number of atoms?

(i) 1 g Au (s)

(ii) 1 g Na (s)

(iii) 1 g Li (s)

(iv) 1 g of Cl₂ (g)

Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.040 (assume the density of water to be one).

What will be the mass of one ¹²C atom in g?

How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations?

(i)

(ii)

(iii) 0.0125 + 0.7864 + 0.0215

Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurring argon isotopes:

Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following:

(i) 52 moles of Ar

(ii) 52 u of He

(iii) 52 g of He.

A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of this welding gas is found to weigh 11.6 g. Calculate

(i) empirical formula,

(ii) molar mass of the gas

(iii) molecular formula.

Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction,

What mass of CaCO₃ is required to react completely with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl?

Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (MnO₂) with aqueous hydrochloric acid according to the reaction

How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide?